1 Liz Kramer, Achieving Equitable Education Through the Courts: A Comparative Analysis of Three States, 31 J.L. & Educ. 1, 27 (January 2002)
2 State of Texas Texas Education Agency, 2003 – 2004 Student Enrollment Statewide Totals, at http://www.tea.state.tx.us/adhocrpt/adste04.html (last visited April 7, 2004)
3 U.S. Dept. ofEducationNationalCenter for Education Statistics, Projection to Education Statistics to 2013: State Public Elementary and Secondary Enrollment Model (October 2003), at http://nces.ed.gov/programs/projections/ch_1.asp (last visited April 7, 2004)
4 Center for Public Policy Priorities, Fast Facts About Texas Public School Finance (January 2004) at http://www.cppp.org/products/fastfacts/basicintroSF.html (last visited March 25, 2004) (hereinafter Fast Facts)
5 F. Scott McCown and Dick Lavine, Where Do We Go from Here? Finding a School Finance Solution, Address Before Texas Association of School Administrators January 2004, at http://www.cppp.org/tasa_0104.pdf (last visited April 6, 2004)
6 Id.
7 Fast Facts at 1
8 Texas State Data Center and Office of the State Demographer, Projections of the Population of Texas and Counties in Texas by Age, Sex and Race/Ethnicity for 2000-2040 December 2001) at http://txsdc.tamu.edu/tpepp/2001_txpopprj_txtotnum.php (last visited April 5, 2004)
9 Id.
10 Judging Public School Finance Proposals: Hearing on Public School Funding Before the House Select Comm. on Public School Finance, 2003 Legis., 78th Sess. (Tex. 1999) (statement of Honorable Scott McCown, Executive Director, Center for Public Policy Priorities)
11 Id.
12 U.S. Census Bureau, Poverty Thresholds by Size of Family and Number of Children (2003) at http://www.census.gov/hhes/poverty/threshld/thresh03.html (last visited April 7, 2004)
13 Vernon’s Ann. Texas Const. Art. 7, §1
14 Meira Schulman Ferziger, Validity of Public School Funding Systems, 110 A.L.R. 5th 293 (2003)
15 State of Tex. Legislative Budget Board, Financing Public Education in Texas Kindergarten through Grade 12: Legislative Primer, at 27 (Oct. 2001) (hereinafter Legislative Primer)
16 House Research Org., Interim News, H. 77-8, 77th Leg., at 2 ( May 29, 2002) (hereinafter Interim News)
17 Id.
18 Id.
19 Id.
20 Id at 3
21 EdgewoodIndependentSchool District v. Kirby, 777 S.W. 2d 391, 397 (1989)
22 S.J. of Tex.,71stLeg., 6th C.S. 19 (1990)
23 H.J. of Tex., 71 stLeg., 6th C.S. 44 (1990)
24 Legislative Reference Library Members and Leaders of the Texas Legislature, Members of the 71 st R.S. (1989) and Members of the 72nd R.S. (1991), available at http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legis/members/roster.cfm.
25 EdgewoodIndependentSchool District v. Kirby, 804 S.W.2d 491, 496 (1991)
26 Id. at 500
27 S.J. of Tex., 72nd Leg., R.S. 208 (1991)
28 Legislative Reference Library Members and Leaders of the Texas Legislature, Members of the 72nd R.S. (1991), available at http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legis/members/roster.cfm.
29 H.J. of Tex., 72nd Leg., R.S. 556 (1991)
30 Id.
31 Id.
32 H.J. of Tex., 72nd Leg., R.S. 556 (1991)
33 S.J. of Tex., 72nd Leg., R.S. 854 (1991)
34 Legislative Reference Library Members and Leaders of the Texas Legislature, Members of the 72nd R.S. (1991), available at http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legis/members/roster.cfm.
35 Id.
36 H.J. of Tex., 72nd Leg., R.S. 1171 (1991)
37 Legislative Reference Library Members and Leaders of the Texas Legislature, Members of the 72nd R.S. (1991), available at http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legis/members/roster.cfm.
38 Id.
39 S.J. of Tex., 73rd Leg., R.S. 223 (1993)
40 Legislative Reference Library Members and Leaders of the Texas Legislature, Members of the 73rd R.S. (1993), available at http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legis/members/roster.cfm
41 Id.
42 H.J. of Tex., 73rd Leg., R.S. 369 (1993)
43 Legislative Reference Library Members and Leaders of the Texas Legislature, Members of the 73rd R.S. (1993), available at http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legis/members/roster.cfm
44 Id.
45 Legislative Reference Library Constitutional Amendments 73rd R.S. available at http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legis/constAmends/results.cfm
46 S.J. of Tex., 73rd Leg., R.S. 1848 (1993)
47 Legislative Reference Library Members and Leaders of the Texas Legislature, Members of the 73rd R.S. (1993), available at http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legis/members/roster.cfm.
48 H.J. of Tex., 73rd Leg., R.S. 3129-3130 (1993)
49 Legislative Reference Library Members and Leaders of the Texas Legislature, Members of the 73rd R.S. (1993), available at http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legis/members/roster.cfm.
50 Id.
51 H.J. of Tex., 73rd Leg., R.S. 3129-3130 (1993)
52 S.J. of Tex., 73rd Leg., R.S. 3014 (1993)
53 Legislative Reference Library Members and Leaders of the Texas Legislature, Members of the 73rd R.S. (1993), available at http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legis/members/roster.cfm.
54 H.J. of Tex., 73rd Leg., R.S. 4660-4661 (1993)
55 Legislative Reference Library Members and Leaders of the Texas Legislature, Members of the 73rd R.S. (1993), available at http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legis/members/roster.cfm.
56 Id.
57 Legislative Primer at 29
58 S.J. of Tex., 76th Leg., R.S. 1271 (1999)
59 Legislative Reference Library Members and Leaders of the Texas Legislature, Members of the 76th R.S. (1999), available at http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legis/members/roster.cfm.
60 Id.
61 H.J. of Tex., 76th Leg., R.S. 3092 (1999)
62 S.J. of Tex., 76th Leg., R.S. 4202 (1999)
63 H.J. of Tex., 76th Leg., R.S. 4359 (1999)
64 Legislative Primer at 31
65 Data provided by the Texas Education Agency, April 6, 2004 (on file with the Mexican American Legislative Caucus)
66 House Research Organization Interim News, School Finance Litigation Update, Number 78-4 at 3 ( April 7, 2004)
67 Id.
68 Senator Eliot Shapleigh, Public Education and Implications for the Border, Texas Borderlands: Frontier of the Americas, Chapter 3, at 1 (March 2004) at http://www.shapleigh.org/PublicEdBorderlands.pdf (last visited March 22, 2004) (hereinafter Texas Borderlands)
69 Legislative Budget Board, Fiscal Size-Up: 2004-05 Biennium, at 25-28 (December 2003) at http://www.lbb.state.tx.us/Fiscal_Size-up/Documents.htm (last visited April 5, 2004) (hereinafter Fiscal Size-Up)
70 Texas Borderlands at 1
71 Legislative Primer at 10
72 Id.
73 Id.
74 Texas Borderlands at 2
75 Fiscal Size-Up at 188-189
76 Legislative Primer at 3
77 House Research Organization Session Focus Report, The Tax System and Public School Financing in Texas, at 14 (March 1997) (hereinafter Session Focus)
78 Texans for Fair Funding, Glossary, Definition of Basic Allotment at http://www.texans4fairfunding.com/glossary.html
79 Id.
80 Legislative Primer at 3
81 Id.
82 Id.
83 Id.
84 Session Focus at 14
85 Legislative Primer at 3
86 Id.
87 Id.
88 Texas Borderlands at 5
89 Id
90 Data provided by the Texas Education Agency via email, April 6, 2004 (on file with the Mexican American Legislative Caucus)
91 Id.
92 Center for Public Policy Priorities, The Best Choice for Paying for Public Education (January 2004) at http://www.cppp.org/products/policyanalysis/incometax101.htm (last visited March 24, 2004) (Hereinafter Paying for Public Education)
93 Letter from Comptroller of Public Accounts, to Select Committee on Public School Finance at 6 ( July 15, 2003) (on file with Mexican American Legislative Caucus)
94 House Research Organization Focus Report, Revamping State Taxes: Options and Implications, at 3 ( February 26, 2003)
95 Id.
96 Id. at 4
97 Id.
98 Id. at 6
99 Id. at 6
100 Id. at 7
101 Id. at 14
102 Senator Eliot Shapleigh, Texas Tax System: Inadequate and Inequitable, Texas Borderlands: Frontier of the Americas, Chapter 2, at 8-9 (Feb. 2004)
103 Texas Public School Finance: Hearing on Public School Finance Before the Mexican American Legislative Caucus Task Force on Public School Finance, 2004 Legis., 78th Sess. (November 14, 2003) (statement of Martin Pena, Executive Director, South Texas Association of Schools)
104 Letter from Jerry D. Christian, Supt., Alamo Heights ISD, to MALC Task Force ( November 12, 2003) (on file with the Mexican American Legislative Caucus).
105 Instructional Costs: Hearing on Public School Finance Before the Mexican American Legislative Caucus Task Force on Public School Finance, 2004 Legis., 78th Sess. (November 14, 2003) (statement of Earl Luce, Supt., Orange Grove ISD)
106 Equity Center, News & Notes, Maybe Someone Would Like to Solve This Problem, Vol. 23, at 1, (February 2004) (hereinafter News & Notes)
107 Id.
108 Public School Finance: Hearing on Public School Finance Before the Mexican American Legislative Caucus Task Force on Public School Finance, 2004 Legis., 78th Sess. (October 21, 2003) (statement of Bill Carpenter, Asst. Supt. Of Govt. Relations, Houston ISD)
109 School Finance System: Hearing on Public School Finance Before the Mexican American Legislative Caucus Task Force on Public School Finance, 2004 Legis., 78th Sess. (October 23, 2003) (statement of James R. Velasquez, Executive Director of Region 19 ESC)
110 Public School Finance: Hearing on Public School Finance Before the Mexican American Legislative Caucus Task Force on Public School Finance, 2004 Legis., 78th Sess. (November 14, 2003) (statement of Lisandro Ramon, Supt., Lyford Consolidated ISD)
111 Remarks-Public School Finance: Hearing on Public School Finance Before the Mexican American Legislative Caucus Task Force on Public School Finance, 2004 Legis., 78th Sess. (November 14, 2003) (statement of Dr. Jesus H. Chavez, Supt., Corpus Christi ISD)
112 Arlington ISD, School Finance: Hearing on Public School Finance Before the Mexican American Legislative Caucus Task Force on Public School Finance, 2004 Legis., 78th Sess. (November 3, 2003) (statement of Dr. Mac Bernd, Supt., Arlington ISD)
113 Funding Public Schools: Hearing on Public School Finance Before the Mexican American Legislative Caucus Task Force on Public School Finance, 2004 Legis., 78th Sess. (November 3, 2003) (statement of Dr. David Barbosa, Supt., Grand Prairie ISD)
114 Remarks-Public School Finance: Hearing on Public School Finance Before the Mexican American Legislative Caucus Task Force on Public School Finance, 2004 Legis., 78th Sess. (November 14, 2003) (statement of Dr. Jesus H. Chavez, Supt., Corpus Christi ISD)
115 The Honorable Eliot Shapleigh, A New Texas, Invest in Kids, Invest in Our Future. Address Before Mexican American Legislative Caucus Task Force on Public School Finance, October and November 2003.
116 Testimony Before the Public School Finance Task Force: Hearing on Public School Finance Before the Mexican American Legislative Caucus Task Force on Public School Finance, 2004 Legis., 78th Sess. (November 3, 2003) (statement of Ted Melina Raab, Legislative Liason, Texas Federation of Teachers)
117 News & Notes at 1
118 Id.
119 Timoteo Garza, Vilma Luna, Rene Oliveira & Mike Villarreal, The Mexican American Legislative Caucus, Pledge for Prosperity (January 2004) (Hereinafter Pledge for Prosperity)
120 House Research Org. Focus Report, Formula Adjustments and the School Finance System, at 1 ( March 31, 2004) (Hereinafter Formula Adjustments)
121 Brief History of Compensatory and Bilingual Weights: Hearing on Public School Finance Before the Mexican American Legislative Caucus, 2003 Legis. 78th Sess. ( Houston, Tex. October 21, 2003) (materials provided by The Honorable Paul Colbert)
122 Formula Adjustments at 4.
123 House Research Organization Focus Report, Debt for School Facilities: Trends and Issues, Texas House of Representatives, at 5 ( January 16, 2003)
124 Id.
125 Id.
126 Pledge of Prosperity at 3.
127 Fiscal Size-Up at 23
128 Id.
129 Fiscal Size-Up at 11.
130 Paying for Public Education
131 Id.
132 Center for Public Policy Priorities, The Texas Revenue Primer (Revised): The Measure of our Means at 15 (March 2003)
133 Id.
134 Fiscal Notes, Comptroller of Public Accounts, October 2003, www.windows.state.tx.us/comptrol/fnotes/fn0210/streamline.html
135 Letter from Comptroller of Public Accounts, to Select Committee on Public School Finance ( July 15, 2003) (on file with Mexican American Legislative Caucus)
136 Harvey Kronberg, Houston and Dallas Chambers Propose More Money into Public Schools, Quorum Report, Mar. 29, 2004 at www.quorumreport.com (last visited March 29, 2004)
137 Talking Points for House Bill 908: Hearing Before State Affairs Comm.,2003 Legis., 78th Reg. Sess., (March 10, 2003) (statement by The Honorable Pete P. Gallego)
138 Id.
139 Id.
140 David Anderson & Joe Wisnoski for Texas Education Agency, Public School Finance Seminar (2004) at http://www.tea.state.tx.us/school.finance/sf2004_2.pdf (last visited April 5, 2004)
141 Press Release, National Education Association, NEA Study Finds Investment in U.S. Public Schools Lagging as Education Needs Rise, May 21, 2003 (On file with the Mexican-American Legislative Caucus)
142 Senate Committee on Education, 78th Legislature, Report to the 78th Legislature 24 (November 2002)
143 Testimony Before the House Select Committee on Public School Finance: Hearing on Public School Finance, Legis., 78th Sess. ( November 3, 2003) (statement of Dr. Mike Moses, Superintendent, Dallas Independent School District; former Commissioner of Education, Texas Education Agency)
144 Center for Public Policy Priorities, Losing Ground: The Texas State Budget for 2004-2005, at 4 (January 2004) at http://www.cppp.org/products/policyanalysis/losing-ground.PDF (last visit April 1, 2004)
145 House Research Organization Focus Report, Public School Employee Health Benefits Update, Texas House of Representatives, at 2 ( December 17, 2003)
146 Fiscal Size-Up at 189
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